IELTS Writing Task 1 プロセス図：Band 7のテンプレートと模範解答

プロセス図では、順序立てて説明する力と受動態が試されます。折れ線グラフや棒グラフと違って数字はなく、何かがどのように作られるか、または何かがどのように起こるかを、正確な専門用語を使って、順番に説明するのが課題です。

Task 1の他の問題タイプについては、折れ線グラフ、棒グラフ、円グラフ、地図のテンプレートをご覧ください。

Band 7のプロセス図の構成

4つの段落で、170〜200語にまとめます。

Introduction（導入）：問題文を言い換え、段階の数を述べる
Overview（概要）：開始点、終了点、全体の段階数、プロセスの種類
Body 1：プロセスの前半を詳しく説明する
Body 2：プロセスの後半を詳しく説明する

ステップ1：プロセスの種類を見極める

主な種類は2つです。

自然のプロセス：ライフサイクル、天気、地質の循環（能動態と現在形を使います）
人工のプロセス：製造、リサイクル、水処理（受動態を使います）

それに合わせて動詞を使い分けましょう。

ステップ2：問題文を言い換え、段階を数える

元の文： "The diagram below shows the process of glass recycling."

言い換え： "The diagram illustrates the stages involved in recycling glass into new products, beginning with collection and ending with the production of new glass items."

書く前に、必ず段階を数えましょう。段階の数は、導入または概要に書きます。例："The process consists of seven distinct stages."

ステップ3：概要を書く

開始、終了、全体の段階数、プロセスの種類をおさえます。

"Overall, glass recycling is a circular process that begins with the collection of used glass and ends with the manufacturing of new glass products. There are seven main stages, with crushing and melting representing the most energy-intensive steps."

ステップ4：Body 1 ― 前半

順序を表す語彙を使い、人工のプロセスには受動態を使います。

"At the first stage, used glass bottles and jars are collected from households and dropped off at recycling centres. The collected glass is then transported to a processing facility, where it is sorted by colour. Once sorted, the glass is washed thoroughly to remove labels, residues, and contaminants."

ステップ5：Body 2 ― 後半

"Following the cleaning stage, the glass is crushed into small fragments known as cullet. The cullet is subsequently melted in a furnace at temperatures exceeding 1,500 degrees Celsius. The molten glass is then moulded into new bottles or other items, which are finally packaged and distributed to retailers, completing the recycling cycle."

順序を表す語彙

始まり：

at the first stage / step / phase
the process begins / starts with
initially, first, to begin with

途中：

next, then, subsequently, following this
after that, once [X is complete]
in the next / following stage

終わり：

finally, lastly, in the final stage
at the end of the process
ultimately, eventually
the process concludes / ends with

原因と結果：

as a result, consequently
this allows, this enables
causing, leading to, resulting in

受動態のパターン（Band 7に不可欠）

人工のプロセスでは、一貫して受動態を使います。

能動態（避ける）	受動態（Band 7）
"Workers collect the glass"	"The glass is collected"
"They wash the bottles"	"The bottles are washed"
"The factory melts it"	"It is melted"

自然のプロセスでは、能動態の現在形が正解です。

"The water evaporates from the ocean."
"The seeds germinate underground."

Band 7の模範解答（全文）

問題： ガラスのリサイクルのプロセス図。

The diagram illustrates the stages involved in recycling glass into new products, beginning with collection from consumers and ending with the manufacture of new glass items.

Overall, glass recycling is a circular process that begins with the collection of used glass and ends with the production of new glass products. There are seven main stages, with crushing and melting representing the most energy-intensive steps.

At the first stage, used glass bottles and jars are collected from households and dropped off at recycling centres. The collected glass is then transported to a processing facility, where it is sorted by colour. Once sorted, the glass is washed thoroughly to remove labels, residues, and contaminants.

Following the cleaning stage, the glass is crushed into small fragments known as cullet. The cullet is subsequently melted in a furnace at temperatures exceeding 1,500 degrees Celsius. The molten glass is then moulded into new bottles or other items, which are finally packaged and distributed to retailers, completing the recycling cycle.

語数：188

自然のプロセスのバリエーション

チョウのライフサイクルや天気の循環などの場合：

The cycle begins when an adult female butterfly lays eggs on a leaf. After approximately a week, each egg hatches into a caterpillar, which feeds continuously on the leaves. Once it has reached its full size, the caterpillar attaches itself to a stem and forms a chrysalis. Inside the chrysalis, transformation occurs over two weeks, after which a fully developed butterfly emerges, completing the cycle.

能動態の現在形に注目してください："lays," "hatches," "feeds."

プロセス図でよくある間違い

同じ答案の中で能動態と受動態を混ぜる
順序を表す語（"then," "next," "finally"）を忘れる
段階を飛ばす
時制を間違える（Task 1のプロセスは通常、現在形です）

Task 1全般のよくある間違いについては、Band 7を妨げるIELTS Writingの落とし穴トップ10をご覧ください。